I. Chinangwa uye kukosha kwekuyera synchronous inductance
(1) Chinangwa chekuyera maParameters eSynhronous Inductance (kureva Cross-axis Inductance)
Iyo AC uye DC inductance paramita ndiwo maviri akanyanya kukosha paramita mune yekusingaperi magineti synchronous mota. Kuwana kwavo chaiko ndiko kunofanirwa uye hwaro hwemota hunhu hwekuverenga, ine simba simulation uye kumhanya kudzora. Iyo synchronous inductance inogona kushandiswa kuverenga akawanda akatsiga-state zvivakwa senge simba chinhu, kunyatsoita, torque, armature ikozvino, simba uye mamwe ma paramita. Mune yekudzora sisitimu yeanogara magineti mota uchishandisa vector control, iyo synchronous inductor paramita inobatanidzwa zvakananga mukutonga algorithm, uye mhedzisiro yekutsvagisa inoratidza kuti munzvimbo isina simba remagineti, kusarongeka kwemaparamita emota kunogona kutungamira mukuderedzwa kwakanyanya kwe torque. uye simba. Izvi zvinoratidza kukosha kweiyo synchronous inductor parameters.
(2) Matambudziko anofanirwa kucherechedzwa pakuyera synchronous inductance
Kuti uwane yakakwira simba density, chimiro cheanogara magineti synchronous motors anowanzo kugadzirwa kuti awedzere kuomarara, uye magineti edunhu remota anowedzera kuzara, izvo zvinoita kuti synchronous inductance parameter yemota ichisiyana nekuzara kwe. iyo magnetic circuit. Mune mamwe mazwi, maparamendi achachinja nemamiriro ekushanda emota, zvizere neyakayerwa yekushanda mamiriro eiyo synchronous inductance paramita haigone kunyatso ratidza chimiro chemota paramita. Nokudaro, zvakakosha kuyera inductance maitiro pasi pemamiriro akasiyana ekushanda.
2.permanent magineti mota synchronous inductance yekuyera nzira
Iri bepa rinounganidza nzira dzakasiyana dzekuyera synchronous inductance uye rinoita kuenzanisa kwakadzama uye kuongorora kwadzo. Idzi nzira dzinogona kukamurwa kuita mhando mbiri huru: yakananga mutoro bvunzo uye isina kunanga static bvunzo. Kuyedza kwakamira kunokamurwazve kuita AC static yekuyedza uye DC static yekuyedza. Nhasi, chikamu chekutanga che "Synchronous Inductor Test Methods" yedu inotsanangura nzira yekuyedza.
Literature [1] inosuma musimboti wenzira yekuremedza yakananga. Permanent magineti motors anogona kazhinji kuongororwa nekushandisa kaviri reaction theory kuongorora mashandiro avo ekuremerwa, uye chikamu dhayagiramu yejenareta uye kushanda kwemota inoratidzwa muMufananidzo 1 pazasi. Mhepo yemagetsi θ yejenareta yakanaka neE0 inodarika U, simba rekona φ rakanaka neI rinopfuura U, uye mukati mesimba rekona ψ yakanaka neE0 inodarika I. Simba remagetsi θ yemotokari yakanaka ne U inodarika E0, iyo simba factor angle φ yakanaka ine U inodarika I, uye mukati mesimba factor angle ψ yakanaka ine I inodarika E0.
Fig. 1 Phase dhayagiramu yekusingaperi magineti synchronous mota oparesheni
(a) Jenareta nyika (b) Motor state
Zvinoenderana nechikamu ichi dhayagiramu inogona kuwanikwa: kana iyo yekusingaperi magineti mota yekuremerwa kushanda, yakayerwa hapana-mutoro excitation electromotive simba E0, armature terminal voltage U, yazvino I, simba factor angle φ uye simba angle θ zvichingodaro, inogona kuwanikwa armature. ikozvino yeakisi yakatwasuka, muchinjika-axis chikamu Id = Isin (θ - φ) uye Iq = Icos (θ - φ), ipapo Xd uye Xq inogona kuwanikwa kubva kune inotevera equation:
Kana jenareta iri kushanda:
Xd=[E0-Ucosθ-IR1cos(θ-φ)]/Id (1)
Xq=[Usinθ+IR1sin(θ-φ)]/Iq (2)
Apo injini iri kushanda:
Xd=[E0-Ucosθ+IR1cos(θ-φ)]/Id (3)
Xq=[Usinθ-IR1sin(θ-φ)]/Iq (4)
Iyo yakatsiga mamiriro maparamita echigarire magineti synchronous motors anochinja sezvo mamiriro ekushanda emota anochinja, uye kana armature yazvino yachinja, zvese Xd neXq zvinoshanduka. Naizvozvo, kana uchitarisa ma parameter, iva nechokwadi chekuratidzawo mamiriro ekushanda kwemota. (Kuwanda kwekuchinjisa uye yakananga shaft ikozvino kana stator ikozvino uye yemukati simba factor angle)
Iyo yakanyanya kuoma pakuyera iyo inductive paramita nenzira yakananga yekuremedza iri mukuyerwa kwesimba angle θ. Sezvatinoziva, ndiwo mutsauko wepakona pakati peiyo mota terminal voltage U uye yekuwedzeredza electromotive simba. Kana mota ichimhanya yakadzikama, magetsi ekupedzisira anogona kuwanikwa zvakananga, asi E0 haigone kuwanikwa zvakananga, saka inogona kuwanikwa chete neimwe nzira isina kunangana yekuwana chiratidzo cheperiodic ine frequency yakafanana neE0 uye mutsauko wakagadziriswa wechikamu chekutsiva. E0 kuitira kuti uite chikamu chekuenzanisa nemhepo yekupedzisira.
Nzira dzechinyakare dzisina kunanga ndeidzi:
1) mune armature slot yemota iri pasi pekuyedzwa yakavigwa gomo uye mota yepakutanga coil yematenderedzwa akati wandei ewaya yakanaka seyekuyeresa coil, kuitira kuti uwane chikamu chimwe chete nemotor inotenderera pasi peyedzo voltage yekuenzanisa chiratidzo, kuburikidza nekuenzanisa iyo simba factor angle inogona kuwanikwa.
2) Isa mota inopindirana pane shaft yemota iri pasi pekuyedzwa yakafanana nemota irikuedzwa. Iyo voltage chikamu chekuyera nzira [2], iyo ichatsanangurwa pazasi, yakavakirwa pane iyi musimboti. Iyo yekuyedza yekubatanidza dhizaini inoratidzwa muMufananidzo 2. Iyo TSM ndiyo inogara magineti synchronous mota iri mukuedzwa, iyo ASM ndiyo yakafanana synchronous mota inodiwa zvakare, iyo PM ndiyo yekutanga mover, inogona kunge iri synchronous mota kana DC. mota, B ndiyo bhureki, uye DBO iri mbiri danda oscilloscope.Matanho B uye C eTSM uye ASM akabatana kune oscilloscope. Kana iyo TSM yakabatana kune matatu-chikamu magetsi, iyo oscilloscope inogamuchira masaini VTSM uye E0ASM. nekuti iwo mota mbiri dzakafanana uye dzinotenderera zvakangofanana, iyo isina-mutoro backpotential yeTSM yemuyedzo uye isina-mutoro backpotential yeASM, inoshanda sejenareta, E0ASM, iri muchikamu. Naizvozvo, kona yesimba θ, kureva, musiyano wechikamu pakati peVTSM neE0ASM unogona kuyerwa.
Fig. 2 Yekuedza wiring diagram yekuyera simba angle
Iyi nzira hainyanyi kushandiswa, kunyanya nekuti: ① mune rotor shaft yakaiswa diki synchronous mota kana rotary transformer inodiwa kuyerwa mota ine maviri shaft yakatambanudzwa magumo, ayo anowanzo kunetsa kuita. ② Kurongeka kweyero yekona yemagetsi kunoenderana zvakanyanya neiyo yakakwira harmonic yeVTSM neE0ASM, uye kana iyo harmonic yemukati yakakura, iko kuyera kuyerwa kuchaderedzwa.
3) Kuti uvandudze iyo simba angle bvunzo kurongeka uye nyore kushandisa, ikozvino kwakawanda kushandiswa kwenzvimbo sensors kuona iyo rotor chinzvimbo chiratidzo, uyezve chikamu kuenzanisa neyekupedzisira voltage nzira.
Nheyo yakakosha ndeyekuisa dhisiki yakarongedzerwa kana kuratidzwa yephotoelectric dhisiki pane shaft yeyakayerwa isingaperi magineti synchronous mota, huwandu hwemaburi akagovaniswa zvakafanana padhisiki kana matema uye machena mamaki uye huwandu hwemapairi emapango eiyo synchronous mota pasi pekuyedzwa. . Kana dhisiki ichitenderera imwe shanduko nemota, iyo photoelectric sensor inogamuchira p rotor chinzvimbo masaini uye inoburitsa p low voltage pulses. Kana mota ichimhanya zvakangofanana, kuwanda kweiyo rotor chinzvimbo chiratidzo chakaenzana neiyo frequency yearature terminal voltage, uye chikamu chayo chinoratidza chikamu cheiyo excitation electromotive force. Iyo yekuwiriranisa pulse siginecha inokwidziridzwa nekuumbwa, chikamu chakachinjika uye bvunzo mota armature voltage yekuenzanisa chikamu kuti uwane mutsauko wechikamu. Gadzirisa kana mota isina-mutoro kushanda, mutsauko wechikamu ndeye θ1 (inoda kuti panguva ino simba angle θ = 0), kana mutoro uchishanda, mutsauko wechikamu ndi θ2, ipapo mutsauko wechikamu θ2 - θ1 ndiyo yakayerwa. chisingaperi magineti synchronous mota mutoro simba kona kukosha. Iyo schematic dhizaini inoratidzwa muMufananidzo 3.
Fig. 3 Schematic dhayagiramu yemagetsi ekona kuyerwa
Sezvo ari photoelectric dhisiki uniformly akaturikidzana dema uye chena mucherechedzo zvakanyanya kuoma, uye kana kuyerwa chigarire magineti synchronous motokari matanda panguva imwe chete kutara dhisiki haigoni zvakajairika nomumwe. Kuti zvive nyore, zvinogona zvakare kuyedzwa mune yekusingaperi magineti mota drive shaft yakaputirwa mudenderedzwa rematepi nhema, yakavharwa nechena mucherechedzo, inoratidzira photoelectric sensor light source inoburitswa nechiedza chakaunganidzwa mudenderedzwa iri pamusoro petepi. Nenzira iyi, kutendeuka kwega kwemotokari, photoelectric sensor mu photosensitive transistor nekuda kwekugamuchira chiedza chinoratidzika uye conduction kamwechete, zvichiita kuti magetsi emagetsi apinde, mushure mekusimudzira uye kuumbwa kuti uwane chiratidzo chekuenzanisa E1. kubva pabvunzo mota armature winding end of any two-phase voltage, by the voltage transformer PT down to low voltage, inotumirwa kune voltage comparator, kuumbwa kwemumiriri we rectangular phase ye voltage pulse signal U1. U1 ne-p-division frequency, chikamu chekuenzanisa kuenzanisa kuti uwane kuenzanisa pakati pechikamu uye chikamu chekuenzanisa. U1 ne-p-division frequency, nechikamu chekuenzanisa kuenzanisa mutsauko wechikamu nechiratidzo.
Iko kuperevedza kweiyo nzira yekuyera yemagetsi epamusoro ndeyekuti mutsauko pakati pezviyero zviviri unofanirwa kuitwa kuti uwane kona yemagetsi. Kuti udzivise huwandu huviri hwakabviswa uye kuderedza kurongeka, mukuyera kwechikamu chekuremerwa musiyano θ2, iyo U2 chiratidzo chekudzoka, kuyerwa kwechikamu musiyano θ2'=180 ° - θ2, simba angle θ=180 ° - ( θ1 + θ2'), iyo inoshandura huwandu huviri kubva pakubvisa kwechikamu kusvika pakuwedzera. The phase quantity diagram inoratidzwa muFig. 4.
Fig. 4 Musimboti wechikamu chekuwedzera nzira yekuverenga musiyano wechikamu
Imwe nzira yakagadziridzwa haishandisi voltage rectangular waveform chiratidzo frequency division, asi shandisa microcomputer kurekodha chiratidzo waveform, zvichiteerana, kuburikidza neyekupinza interface, rekodha iyo isina-mutoro voltage uye rotor chinzvimbo chiratidzo mafungu U0, E0, pamwe chete. iyo rekuredhi voltage uye rotor chinzvimbo rectangular waveform masiginecha U1, E1, uye wobva wafambisa waveforms ezviviri zvakarekodhwa zvine hukama kune imwe neimwe kusvika masaisai emagetsi maviri rectangular waveform masiginecha aputirana zvachose, kana chikamu mutsauko pakati peaviri rotor Musiyano wechikamu. pakati pezviratidzo zviviri zverotor chinzvimbo chesimba; kana kufambisa waveform kune maviri rotor chinzvimbo chiratidzo mafungu anopindirana, ipapo mutsauko wechikamu pakati pemasaini maviri emagetsi ndiyo kona yemagetsi.
Izvo zvinofanirwa kutaurwa kuti iyo chaiyo-isina-mutoro mashandiro echigarire magineti synchronous mota, iyo kona yemagetsi haisi zero, kunyanya kune madiki mota, nekuda kwekushaikwa-kuremerwa kushanda kwekusina-mutoro kurasikirwa (kusanganisira stator mhangura kurasikirwa, kurasikirwa kwesimbi, mechanical kurasikirwa, kurasika kurasikirwa) yakakura, kana iwe uchifunga kuti hapana-mutoro simba angle ye zero, zvinokonzeresa kukanganisa kukuru mukuyera kwekona yemagetsi, inogona kushandiswa kugadzira iyo DC mota ichimhanya mudunhu. yemotor, kwainotungamira uye bvunzo mota dhiraivha inopindirana, ine DC mota inotungamira, iyo DC mota inogona kumhanya panzvimbo imwechete, uye iyo DC mota inogona kushandiswa seyekuyedza mota. Izvi zvinogona kuita kuti mota yeDC imhanye mumotor state, dhiraivha uye bvunzo mota inopindirana neDC mota kuti ipe kurasikirwa kwese kweshaft yemota yekuyedza (kusanganisira kurasikirwa nesimbi, kurasikirwa kwemechini, kurasika kurasika, nezvimwewo). Iyo nzira yekutonga ndeyekuti bvunzo mota yekupinza simba yakaenzana neiyo stator mhangura yekushandisa, kureva, P1 = pCu, uye voltage uye ikozvino muchikamu. Panguva ino kuyerwa θ1 kunoenderana nekona yesimba ye zero.
Pfupiso: zvakanakira nzira iyi:
① Iyo yakananga nzira yekuremedza inogona kuyera yakatsiga mamiriro ekuzara inductance pasi peakasiyana mitoro mamiriro, uye haidi yekutonga zano, iri intuitive uye iri nyore.
Nekuti kuyerwa kunoitwa zvakananga pasi pemutoro, iyo saturation mhedzisiro uye pesvedzero ye demagnetization ikozvino pane inductance paramita inogona kuverengerwa.
Kuipa kweiyi nzira:
① Iyo yakananga mitoro nzira inoda kuyera huwandu hwakawanda panguva imwe chete (matatu-phase voltage, matatu-phase ikozvino, simba factor angle, nezvimwewo), kuyerwa kwekona yemagetsi kunonyanya kuoma, uye chokwadi chebvunzo huwandu hwega hwega hune mhedzisiro yakananga pakurongeka kweparameter kuverenga, uye marudzi ese ezvikanganiso muyedzo yeparameta zviri nyore kuunganidza. Saka, kana uchishandisa nzira yakananga yekuyera kuyera ma parameter, kutarisisa kunofanirwa kubhadharwa kuongororo yekukanganisa, uye sarudza kururamisa kwepamusoro kwechiridzwa chekuyedza.
② Kukosha kweiyo excitation electromotive force E0 mune iyi nzira yekuyera inotsiviwa zvakananga nemota terminal voltage pasina mutoro, uye kufungidzira uku kunounzawo zvikanganiso. Nekuti, nzvimbo yekushanda yegineti yekusingaperi inoshanduka nemutoro, izvo zvinoreva kuti pamhepo dzakasiyana dze stator, iyo permeability uye flux density yegineti yekusingaperi zvakasiyana, saka iyo inokonzeresa excitation electromotive simba zvakare yakasiyana. Nenzira iyi, haina kunyatso kurongeka kutsiva excitation electromotive simba pasi pemutoro mamiriro neiyo excitation electromotive simba pasina mutoro.
References
[1] Tang Renyuan et al. Yemazuva ano isingaperi magineti mota dzidziso uye dhizaini. Beijing: Michina Indasitiri Press. Kurume 2011
[2] JF Gieras, M. Wing. Permanent Magnet Motor Technology, Dhizaini uye Zvishandiso, 2nd ed. New York: Marcel Dekker, 2002:170~171
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